History of the Salzburg International Summer Academy of Fine Arts
Oskar Kokoschka – School of Seeing
In summer 1953, Oskar Kokoschka founded the International Summer Academy of Fine Arts in Hohensalzburg Fortress as a "School of Seeing". This first summer academy of art in Europe was an international meeting-place for people of diverse origins, age and social background, and a counterpart to traditional national art academies. There was no room in Kokoschka's teaching concept for a dividing line between artistic skill and a comprehensive intellectual and humanistic education. Within eleven summers, he had succeeded in increasing the number of participants from 30 in 1953 to 250 in 1963.Oskar Kokoschka's art was prohibited during the National Socialist period as "degenerate". A vehement opponent of National Socialism, the artist emigrated in 1934 to Prague and in 1938 to Britain, where he lived until 1953. He then moved to Lake Geneva in Switzerland, where he died in 1980. Oskar Kokoschka's late work, his figurative landscape and portrait painting, was represented at documentas 1, 2 and 3 in the 1950s and '60s; his vedute dating from the 1930s are displayed in many museums in Austria and Germany. Kokoschka adopted a position diametrically opposed to the modern abstractionism which emerged from the USA and claimed a monopoly of the avant-garde during the 1940s and '50s. Until the 1970s, the European art-world was dominated by this antithesis, which was expressed as an often acrimonious battle between representatives of figurative versus those of abstract art. Kokoschka's position naturally shaped the teaching programme of the Summer Academy, which consisted of four classes.
History of the Summer Academy after Oskar Kokoschka
In 1964, Kokoschka was succeeded by Hermann Stuppäck, the former highest-ranking Viennese NS cultural official, who was also President of the Salzburg Kunstverein from 1962 until 1976, and who directed the Summer Academy until 1980. During the 1960s and '70s, the teaching programme was opened up to a pluralism of "equality of the disparate", within which all current trends were represented. Stuppäck established basic courses concentrating on technical skills, as well as advanced courses. Under his direction, the Summer Academy expanded to record numbers of up to 650 students.From 1981 until 1999, Wieland Schmied was President of the Summer Academy. His programme maintained a balance between continuity and innovation, and this period was distinguished primarily by the network of international artists and theorists he built up, drawing on his resources as former Director of the Kestner Gesellschaft in Hanover and Director of the DAAD in Berlin. Topical art discourse was highlighted through lecture series on theory and history of classical modern art, current trends in the 1980s, and current urban and architectural developments, together with discussions and symposia on post-modernism or art in public space. Wieland Schmied reacted to the opening of the East-West border in 1989 by the increasing integration of artists and experts from Eastern Europe, whose presence at the Summer Academy has continued since the 1990s.
Barbara Wally began as manager with Wieland Schmied in 1981, and was overall Director from 1999 until 2009. Her era was characterised by a policy of openness far beyond Europe and western art. In a period of separatism and exclusion, she pressed for comprehensive teaching programmes to accommodate the artistic developments taking place within global processes.
During the late 1980s, she continued to open the summer Academy to artists from former Eastern bloc countries. From the 1990s onwards, she invited an increasing number of female artists from all over the world, especially protagonists of feminist art, to teach new subjects including body art, media art, and installative and performative concepts. She also expanded the accompanying programme with events such as artist's talks entitled "The Artist Him/Herself". Through a well-directed policy of invitations and international collaboration, Barbara Wally placed the Summer Academy on the global map. Socio-political questions such as the economisation and privatisation of art, the role of the artist in society, and the blurring of dividing lines between culture, entertainment and information marked the course programmes of these years. In more recent years, socio-political questions within globalised and neo-liberal systems played a major role.
Since 2009 Hildegund Amanshauser has been director of the Salzburg International Summer Academy of Fine Arts.
Teachers 1953 - 2010
Painting
Sonia Abian, Mohamed Abla, Siegfried Anzinger, Christian Ludwig Attersee, Donald Baechler, Monika Baer, Ina Barfuß, Hans Baschang, Ákos Birkás, Albert Bitran, Erwin Bohatsch, Jacobo Borges, Bernadette Bour, Jürgen Böttcher-Strawalde, Arik Brauer, Sandro Chia, Joze Ciuha, G.B. Corneille, Gunter Damisch, Mario Deliugi, Antonio Dias, Milena Dragicevic, Walter Eckert, Robert Eigenberger, Georg Eisler, Robert Feintuch, Adolf Frohner, Rupprecht Geiger, Raimund Girke, Leon Golub, Gotthard Graubner, Johannes Grützke, Dieter Hacker, Xenia Hausner, Giselbert Hoke, Moni K. Huber, Jörg Immendorff, György Jovánovics, Martha Jungwirth, Siegfried Kaden, Milan Knizák, Howard Kanowitz, Per Kirkeby, Oskar Kokoschka, Rudolf Kortokraks, Anton Lehmden, Li Songsong, Kurt Löb, Ulrica Lundberg, Markus Lüpertz, Ingeborg Lüscher, Lucy McKenzie, Bruce McLean, Georg Meistermann, Mario Merz, Anna Meyer, Josef Mikl, Luciano Minguzzi, Kurt Moldovan, Rebecca Morris, Irina Nakhova, Hermann Nitsch, Oswald Oberhuber, Watts Ouattara, Robin Page, Claus Pack, G.K. Pfahler, Max Pfeffer-Watenphul, Katrin Plavcak, Peter Pongratz, Bridget Riley, Toni Roth, Andreas Rothe, Hella Santarossa, Robert Scherer, Hubert Schmalix, Hubert Scheibl, Dierk Schmidt, Joan Semmel, Nancy Spero, Hans Stockbauer, Elaine Sturtevant, Rudolf Szyszkowitz, Heinz Trökes, Emilio Vedova, Thomas Wachweger, Eva Wagner, Ben Willikens, Gerd Winner, Xie Nanxing, Yi Chen, Wou-Ki Zao, Bernd Zimmer, Gerlind Zeilner, Shan Zuo and Da Huang Zhou, Christina Zurfluh.
Plastic arts and Sculpture
Claudia Ammann, Joannis Avramidis, Kengiro Azuma, Giacomo Baragli, Frida Baranek, Hella Berent, Wander Bertoni, H.J. Breuste, Ralph Brown, Vlassis Caniaris, Miloslav Chlupác, Alice Creischer, Nancy Davidson, Oreste Dequel, Lauren Ewing, Gerda Fassel, Ojars Feldbergs, Tone Fink, Lothar Fischer, Judy Fox, Katharina Fritsch, Wang Fu, Makoto Fujiwara, Emilio Greco, Asta Gröting, Julie Hayward, Alfred Hrdlicka, Magdalena Jetelová, Ivan Kafka, Heinrich Kirchner, Kiki Kogelnik, Azade Köker, Alf Lechner, Janez Lenassi, Alois Lindenbauer, Thomas Link, Marko Lulic, Eileen MacDonagh, Hubert Maier, Giacomo Manzù, Marcello Mascherini, Ewald Mataré, Masayuki Nagase, Irina Nakhova, Paloma Navares, Uli Nimptsch, Waldemar Otto, Josef Pillhofer, Rona Pondick, Karl Prantl, Kosta Angeli Radovani, Max Rieder, Gernot Rumpf, Michael Schoenholtz, Chihiro Shimotani, Andreas Siekmann, Jeanne Silverthorne, Kiki Smith, Francesco Somaini, Rolf Szymanski, Susanne Tunn, Günter Unterburger, Imre Varga, Monika Verhoeven, Franz Erhard Walther, Andreas von Weizsäcker, Magdalena Wiecek, Knut Wold, Josef Zenzmaier.Drawing and Graphic arts
Jirí Anderle, Hella Berent, Uwe Bremer, Ernst Caramelle, Franz Coufal, Jim Dine, Anton Drioli, Otto Eglau, Andrea Fogli, Johnny Friedländer, Ava Gerber, Izabella Gustowska, Gerhard Gutruf, Wolfgang Haader, Joan Hall, Rudolf Hradil, Matthias Herbst, Stephanvon Huene, Leiko Ikemura, Zygmunt Januszewski, Vera Khlebnikova, Erich Krämer, Helge Larsen, Erik Theodor Lässig, Anton Lehmden, Matts Leiderstam, Michèle Lemieux, Kurt Löb, Marie Marcks, Gregory Masurovsky, Dora Maurer, Friedrich Meckseper, Denes Miklosi, Kurt Moldovan, Michael Morgner, Eva Möseneder, Tony Munzlinger, Luis Murschetz, Kunito Nagaoka, Senam Okudzeto, Willem Oorebeek, Werner Otte, Giulio Paolini, Jürgen Partenheimer, Dan und Lia Perjovschi, Krystyna Piotrowska, Herbert Post, M.E. Prigge, Gerhard Rühm, Jiri Salamoun, Christoph Schäfer, Konrad Balder Schäuffelen, Louise Schmid, Martin Schmidl, Walter Schmögner, Rudolf Schönwald, Fritz Schwegler, Adriena Simotová, Slavi Soucek, Yoshi Takahashi, André Thomkins, Werner Tübke, Markus Vallazza, Jan Voss, F.K. Waechter, Konrad Winter, Reiner Zimnik.Interdisciplinary classes, Installation, Public interventions
Ai Weiwei, Guillaume Bijl, Katrina Daschner, Agnes Denes, Jan Fabre, Tone Fink, Peter Friedl, Geoffrey Hendricks, Dick Higgins, Friedensreich Hundertwasser, Alfredo Jaar, Ilya & Emilia Kabakov, Jitish Kallat, Allan Kaprow, Gülsün Karamustafa, Wolfram P. Kastner, Alison Knowles, Brigitte Kowanz, Liliana Moro, Christian Philipp Müller, Roman Opalka, Eduardo Paolozzi, Marie-Louise von Plessen, Otto Piene, Anne Poirier, Werner Ruhnau, Konrad Balder Schäuffelen, Daniel Spoerri, Mladen Stilinovi?, Christian Tomaszewski, Günther Uecker, Wolf Vostell, Efthymios Warlamis, Andreas von Weizsäcker, Emmett Williams, Dorothee von Windheim.
Jewellery – Fashion – Design
Giampaolo Babetto, Maria Blaisse, Esther Brinkmann, Caroline Broadhead, Lin Cheung, Johanna Dahm, Florian Ladstätter, Modebus, Erico Nagai, E.R. Nele, Robin Quigley, Sepp Schmölzer, Peter Skubic, Josef Symon, Manuel Vilhena, Christoph Zellweger.Photography
Dieter Appelt, Sabine Bitter, Heinz Cibulka, Lynne Cohen, Nancy Davenport, Destiny Deacon, Ines Doujak, Bernhard Fuchs, Verena von Gagern, Eikoh Hosoe, Nan Goldin, Tamarra Kaida, Rolf Koppel, Friedl Kubelka, Reiner Leist, Erich Lessing, Simone Nieweg, Floris Neusüss, Lorraine O'Grady, Roberto Ohrt, Roger Palmer, Qiu Zhijie, Jo Ractliffe, Rivka Rinn, Michael Schmidt, Wilhelm Schürmann, Elfie Semotan, Katharina Sieverding, Annegret Soltau, Douglas Stewart, Linda Troeller, Helmut Weber.Architecture/Design
Hitoshi Abe, Raimund Abraham, Friedrich Achleitner, Jacob Berend Bakema, Hermann Baur, Georges Candilis, Peter Cook, COOP Himmelblau, Günther Domenig, Shuhei Endo, Véronique Faucheur, Otto Frei, Johann Gsteu, Rolf Gutbrod, Otto Herbert Hajek, Itsuko Hasegawa, John Hejduk, Hans Hofmann, Hans Hollein, Wilhelm Holzbauer, Clemens Holzmeister, Arata Isozaki, Momoyo Kaijima, Josef Paul Kleihues, Friedrich Kurrent, Vittorio M. Lampugnani, Mark Mack, Kent Martinussen, Marcello Morandini, Ryue Nishizawa, Laurids Ortner, Gustav Peichl, Richard Plunz, Paolo Piva, Marjetica Potrc, Marc Pouzol, Roland Rainer, Kazuyo Sejima, Otto Steidle, Albert Steiner, Heinz Tesar, Takaharu Tezuka, Yui Tezuka, Vladimir Turina, Pierre Vago, Konrad Wachsmann, Günter Zamp Kelp.Video and Film
Klaus vom Bruch, Ellen Cantor, Valie Export, Feng Mengbo, Nan Hoover, Anna Konik, Peter Kubelka, Marie-Jo Lafontaine, Gerhard Lechenauer, Zhao Liang, Shirin Neshat & Shoja Azari, Ulrike Rosenbach, Studio Azzurro, Diana Thater, Milica Tomic, Steina und Woody Vasulka.
Stage design
Johannes Dreher, Wolfgang Glück, Karl Maria Grimme, Rosalie, Günther Schneider-Siemssen, Oscar Fritz Schuh.